Vasovagal syncope

Table of contents

1 Overview 2 Symptoms 3 Diagnosis 4 Treatment

Overview

Vasovagal syncope (also vasodepressor syncope or neurocardiogenic syncope) is the most common cause of fainting. In this condition, low heart rate or blood pressure leads to inadequate circulation to the brain, resulting in syncope, or temporary loss of consciousness due to oxygen starvation. Although it is particularly common (both historically and stereotypically) among young women, it is seen across all ages and genders and in otherwise completely healthy people. It is most often caused by anxiety, especially when having blood drawn or receiving an injection.

Symptoms

Initially, the inflicted may suffer from nausea, tightness in the throat, and general paleness. Sweatiness and dizziness are also very common. These symptoms may last anywhere from seconds to minutes.

The initial symptoms, although not always present, are directly followed by fainting for a short period of time, ranging also from seconds to minutes.

Upon regaining consciousness, the inflicted may appear flushed and feel generally lethargic. He or she may also suffer from a slow heart rate.

Diagnosis

After a thorough check of the patient's medical history, it is important that other possible causes of fainting are ruled out.

Generally, a tilt table test is adminstered, in which the patient lies flat on a table and is then tilted upright so that changes in blood pressure and heart rate may be observed and measured to identify any severe changes. This test is particular effective in identifying patients suffering from sensitive nervous systems.

Additionally, a doctor may massage the carotid artery in an attempt to trigger a fainting response.

Treatment

Upon exhibiting signs of fainting, the patient should lie down (or be laid down) immediately and elevate his or her legs. Attempts should be made to give the patient both space and air, and any undue stressors should be removed from the environment if at all possible.

It is worth noting that on rare occasions, a fainter may die if forced to remain upright.

Long-term treatment to handle the condition ranges from beta-blockers to compression stockings or high salt diets.

If vasovagal syncope is caused by a slow heart rate repeatedly, a pacemaker may need to be installed to regulate the heart beat and prevent further episodes.

With proper care and treatment, the condition is not serious and may be avoided altogether.